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So Jung An, Hun Mo Ahn. The Effect of Breathing Meditation Qigong Therapy on the Recovery of Olfactory Disorders and Voice Handicap Index in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Medical Gigong. 2024;23(2):10-29

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MEDICAL GIGONG
Vol.23. No.1. 2024.06.30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22942/mg.2024.23.1.010

È£Èí¸í»ó±â°øÅ×¶óÇǰ¡ ÆÄŲ½¼º´ ȯÀÚÀÇ Èİ¢±â´ÉÀå¾Ö ¹× À½¼º±â´ÉÀå¾Ö °³¼±¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â È¿°ú

¾È¼ÒÁ¤*, ¾ÈÈÆ¸ð**

* : »ç¿ì½º¹èÀÏ·ÎÇÑÀǰú´ëÇÐ ÅëÇÕÀÇÇבּ¸¼Ò, ** : ´ëÇÑÀÇ·á±â°øÇÐȸ


[Abstract]
The Effect of Breathing Meditation Qigong Therapy on the Recovery of Olfactory Disorders and Voice Handicap Index in Parkinson's Disease Patients

So Jung An*, Hun Mo Ahn**
* : Integrative Medicine Research Institute, South Baylo University, ** : The Member of the Korean Academy of Medical Gi-Gong

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine whether An's breathing meditation qigong therapy (ABMQT) delivers bioenergy to the frontal lobe, prefrontal lobe, the olfactory tract in the mesolimbic pathway, olfactory bulb, CV22, CV21, olfactory area and vocal-related areas in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to help improve olfactory disorders (anosmia) and vocal functions.

Methods : The subjects of this study were 4 patients with idiopathic PD (3 males/1 female, 65.0¡¾NA/68.7¡¾10.2 years old). ABMQT was applied once a week, 120 minutes per session for 12 weeks in a non-invasive and non-contact manner, and the test before and after ABMQT application included olfactory impairment test the Korean version of Sniffin' stick test (KVSS), voice acoustic test, aerodynamic test, vocal handicap index (VHI-30), and auditory perception scale test tools. The results before and after the experiment were analyzed assuming a normal distribution, and a chi-square test was performed using a continuity correction, and the significance level was set to p<0.05. And the medical diagnosis and findings of the examiner (doctor in charge) before and after the experiment were described.

Results : KVSS was significant as 0.2¡¾0.5 and 9.0¡¾0.0 before and after the experiment. There was no significant difference between the voice acoustic test FO and Jitter, the vocal aerodynamic test MPT, SP, AE, the vocal disorder index test, and the auditory perception test. However, the medical diagnosis findings of four study subjects showed that olfactory disorders, voice disorders, and laryngeal function were improved before and after the application of ABMQT.

Conclusions : The breathing meditation qigong program showed significant effects on improving the olfactory disorders (anosmia) and speech function of each study subject. However, to produce meaningful results, it is thought that experiments involving a larger number of research participants are necessary, and additional blood and FMRI tests are conducted to verify metabolic activities and the olfactory neuron signal transmission system.

* Keywords : Parkinson¡¯s Disease (PD), An's Breathing Meditation Qigong Therapy (ABMQT), Olfactory Disorders, Anosmia, Korean Version of Sniffin' Stick test (KVSS) , Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30)

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ÆÄŲ½¼º´(Parkinson¡¯s Disease: PD)Àº Èæ»öÁúÀÇ µµÆÄ¹Î(dopamine) ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷°¡ Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¸êÇϸ鼭 ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÅðÇ༺ ÁúȯÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â Ư¹ß¼ºÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀϺδ À¯Àü¼ºÀ¸·Î Alpha-synuclein(SNCA), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2), Parkin (PARK2) ¶Ç´Â PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1)À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù[1, 2]. PD´Â ÁøÀü(tremor), ¿îµ¿¿Ï¼­(bradykinesia), °­Á÷(rigidity) µîÀÇ ¿îµ¿¼º Áõ»ó(postural instability)°ú ºñ¿îµ¿¼º Áõ»óÀ¸·Î Èİ¢»ó½Ç(anosmia), ¹Ì°¢»ó½Ç(ageusia), ±×¸®°í À½¼º±â´ÉÀå¾Ö(voice handicap)¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Â ³ëÀμº ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ³ú±â´ÉÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â Áúº´À¸·Î Á¤ÀǵȴÙ[3, 4]. PD´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿øÀΰú ÀÓ»ó Áõ»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀÎÁö °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÓ»óÁõÈıºÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP+)ÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î µµÆÄ¹Î¼º ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾î ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ º¹ÇÕü Ȱ¼º °¨¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸é¼­ ÅðÇàÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â µµÆÄ¹Î°è ±âÀúÇÙ Á¶Àý ȸ·Î(basal ganglia control circuit)°¡ ¼­¼­È÷ ¼Õ»óµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î PD Áø´Ü ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ Àü±¸Áõ»ó ±â°£ÀÌ ¼±ÇàµÇ´Â Ư¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù[5, 6].
PD Àü±¸Áõ»óÀº Áø´Ü¹Þ±â ¼ö³â ÀüºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© 2Â÷Àû ¿øÀÎÀÌ ¾øÀ½¿¡µµ Áö¼ÓÀû, ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßº´Çϴ Ư¡ÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÅëÁõ, ¸ö °æÁ÷, ¼­µ¿, ¹«±â·Â, ÆÈ °æÁ÷, ¹ß ²ø¸² µîÀÇ ¿îµ¿¼º Àå¾Ö¿Í ¼ÒÈ­Àå¾Ö, º¯ºñ, ¿ì¿ïÁõ, ºÒ¾ÈÁõ, ¼ö¸éÀå¾Ö, ½Å°æÁ¤½ÅÀå¾Ö, Èİ¢ÀúÇÏ, ¹Ì°¢ÀúÇÏ, À½¼ºÀúÇÏ µî ºñ¿îµ¿¼º Àå¾Ö Áõ»óÀ» È£¼ÒÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù[4]. ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ PD ȯÀÚµéÀº ¸»(speech) ¹× À½¼º(voice)¿¡¼­µµ Àå¾Ö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù[7]. PDÀÇ ¸»Àå¾Ö(speech disorder)´Â ¿îµ¿ÀúÇϼº ±¸À½Àå¾Ö(hypokinetic dysarthria)·Î ÀÔ¼ú°ú ÅÎÀÇ °­Á÷Çö»óÀ¸·Î Á¶À½ ¹üÀ§°¡ Ãà¼ÒµÇ¸ç, ¸í·áµµ °¨¼Ò, Á¶À½Àå¾Ö, È£Èí¹®Á¦, ÁøÀü µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ³ô³·ÀÌ¿Í °­¾àÀÌ ºü¸£°Å³ª ´À¸®°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª°í, °ÅÄ£ À½¼º°ú ¼º´ë ¶³¸² µîÀÇ À½¼ºÀå¾Ö·Î[8] ³ô³·À̰¡ ºÒºÐ¸íÇÏ°í °­¼¼°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¼Ò¸® ¿ï¸²°ú ¼ûÀÌ Â÷´Â Áõ»ó°ú ³·Àº À½°ú ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿î ¸ñ¼Ò¸® µîÀÌ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù[9]. ÀÌ °æ¿ì Ä¡·á¾àÀ¸·Î ·¹º¸µµÆÄ(levodopa)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃÖ´ë ¹ß¼º Áö¼Ó ½Ã°£ÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇϰí ÅëÇÕµÈ PD Æò°¡ ôµµ(Unified Parkinson¡¯s Disease Rating Scale : UPDRS) ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö¸é ÃÖ´ë ¹ß¼º Áö¼Ó ½Ã°£, ±âº»Á֯ļöÀÇ °¨¼Ò, À¯¼º °³½Ã ½Ã°£ÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸°íÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù[10]. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϺΠÀ½¼ºÀÇ Áú¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, Çô ³¡ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ Á¤»óÀο¡ ºñÇØ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù´Â º¸°íµµ ÀÖ´Ù[11]. PDÀÇ Áø´Ü Àü Àü±¸Áõ»ó ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â Èİ¢Àå¾Ö´Â Áúº´ÀÇ °á°úÀÎÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ½Å°æ°è ȸ·Î º¯È­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ³úÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ »ç¸êÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â Èİ¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±â´É Àå¾ÖÀÎÁö´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
¿ì¸®³ª¶ó´Â 2022³â ÇöÀç 60¼¼ ÀÌ»ó ³ëÀÎÀα¸°¡ ¿©¼º 6,581,164¸íÀ̸ç, ³²¼º 5,419,561¸íÀ¸·Î Áý°èµÇ¾î ÃÑ 12,000,725¸íÀÌ ³ëÀÎ Àα¸·Î ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í 2022³â ÇöÀç PDÀÇ ¹ßº´ Àα¸´Â 121,576¸íÀ¸·Î Áý°èµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù[12]. Àα¸ÀÇ ³ë·ÉÈ­¿¡ µû¸¥ ³ëÀÎ Àα¸ Áß 10% ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¹ßº´ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿Ü±¹ »ç·Ê¸¦ º¼ ¶§ PDÀÇ Áõ°¡°¡ ¿¹»óµÇ¸ç PD¿Í ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Èİ¢Àå¾Öµµ Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖ¾î Èİ¢±â´ÉÀå¾Ö ¹× À½¼º±â´ÉÀå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³¼±À» À§ÇÑ Ä¡·á ´ëÃ¥ ¸¶·ÃÀÌ ½Ã±ÞÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù[13, 14].
PDÀÇ Ä¡·á ¾à¹°·Î´Â ³úÀÇ µµÆÄ¹Î °ø±Þ ¹× »ý¼º¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â Levodopa(L-DOPA) °¡ ÀÖ´Ù[15]. ÀÌ ¾à¹°Àº ÇׯÄŲ½¼Áõ ¾à¹°ÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó È¿°ú°¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§ ó¹æµÇ´Â Ä¡·áÁ¦·Î ¿îµ¿¿Ï¼­Áõ¿¡ À¯È¿ÇÑ ¾à¹°À̸ç Ä«¸£ºñµµÆÄ(carbidopa)¶ó´Â ¾à¹°°ú ÇÔ²² ó¹æµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿îµ¿¿Ï¼­Áõ µî ¿îµ¿¼º Áõ»ó ¿ÏÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇÑÀÇÇÐÀû ħ Ä¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 2016³â ÀÌÈÄ ÃÖ±Ù º¸°í ÀÚ·á¿¡¼­´Â ÀüÅëħ, ºÀ¾àħ, µÎħ, Àüħ, º¹Ä§ µîÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ TTNcVLRES, Superficial needling, Gongshi Cerbral needle, PTNTCEN, Nape AT, Press-needle-method, Tung¡¯s AT, Eye AT µîÀÇ Ä§¹ýµéÀÌ PD ¼¼ºÎ Áõ»ó Ä¡·á¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶»çµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù[16]. 2006³â PD¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶äÄ¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú¿¡¼­´Â UPDRS ¹× ½É¹Úº¯À̵µ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÇÇÑ È¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù[17]. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ Èİ¢±â´ÉÀå¾Ö¿Í À½¼º±â´ÉÀå¾Ö¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» Áֱ⠾î·Á¿î ÇѰ谡 ÀÖ¾î Èİ¢ÀÇ »ý¸®º´ÅÂÇÐÀû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Ä¡·áÈ¿°ú¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý Á¦½Ã°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù »êÁö¾ÆÇª¸¶ÀÌ ÃßÃâ¹°(San-Jia-Fu-Mai decoction extract: SJFMDE) 70% ¼ö¼º ¿¡Åº¿Ã ÃßÃâ¹°ÀÌ PC12 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ SJFMDE·Î À¯¹ßµÈ »êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿¬±¸ÇÑ °á°ú È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ħ½À ¶Ç´Â ¾à¹°À» º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °³ÀÎÀÇ ½ÅüÀû, »ý¸®ÇÐÀû, »ýÈ­ÇÐÀû Ư¼º, ¶Ç´Â °³ÀÎ ±âÈ£µµ°¡ ¹Ý¿µµÇ´Â °æ¿ì ȯÀÚÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀû ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù[18]. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñÁ¢ÃË, ºñħ½À, ºñ¼ö¼ú, ºñº¹¿ëÀû ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î PD¸¦ Ä¡À¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °í¹ÎÇØ º¼ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Èİ¢Àå¾ÖÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼¼Æ÷ ³» ½ÅÈ£ Àü´Þ(cGMP)°ú °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ýÈ­ÇÐÀû °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¼¼Æ÷ ±ÙóÀÇ ¿Ü¾×À» ÅëÇÑ ±¹¼ÒºÐºñ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ±¸¾Æ³ë½Å°ú ½Å°æ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â µµÆÄ¹ÎÀÇ ºÎÁ·À» ä¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âÀü¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¹æ¹ý Á¦¾ÈÀÌ ÁÖ¸ñ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.
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